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Country Name:

Romania

Location:

Southeastern Europe, bordering the Black Sea, between Bulgaria and Ukraine

Area:

total: 237,500 sq km

Land:

230,340 sq km

Water:

7,160 sq km

Land Boundaries:

total: 2,508 km

Border Countries:

Bulgaria 608 km, Hungary 443 km, Moldova 450 km, Serbia 476 km, Ukraine (north) 362 km, Ukraine (east) 169 km

Coastline:

225 km

Climate:

temperate; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow and fog; sunny summers with frequent showers and thunderstorms

Terrain:

central Transylvanian Basin is separated from the Plain of Moldavia on the east by the Carpathian Mountains and separated from the Walachian Plain on the south by the Transylvanian Alps

Geography:

controls most easily traversable land route between the Balkans, Moldova, and Ukraine

Population:

22,246,862 (July 2008 est.)

Age Structure:

0-14 Years:

15.6% (male 1,778,864/female 1,687,659)

15-64 Years:

69.7% (male 7,718,125/female 7,791,102)

65 Years and Over:

14.7% (male 1,337,915/female 1,933,197) (2008 est.)

Average Age:

Total:

37.3 years

Male:

35.9 years

Female:

38.7 years (2008 est.)

Ethnic Groups:

Romanian 89.5%, Hungarian 6.6%, Roma 2.5%, Ukrainian 0.3%, German 0.3%, Russian 0.2%, Turkish 0.2%, other 0.4% (2002 census)

Religions:

Eastern Orthodox (including all sub-denominations) 86.8%, Protestant (various denominations including Reformate and Pentecostal) 7.5%, Roman Catholic 4.7%, other (mostly Muslim) and unspecified 0.9%, none 0.1% (2002 census)

General

Languages:

Romanian 91% (official), Hungarian 6.7%, Romany (Gypsy) 1.1%, other 1.2%

Government

Type:

republic

Capital:

Bucharest

Provincial:

41 counties (judete, singular - judet) and 1 municipality* (municipiu); Alba, Arad, Arges, Bacau, Bihor, Bistrita-Nasaud, Botosani, Braila, Brasov, Bucuresti (Bucharest)*, Buzau, Calarasi, Caras-Severin, Cluj, Constanta, Covasna, Dimbovita, Dolj, Galati, Gorj, Giurgiu, Harghita, Hunedoara, Ialomita, Iasi, Ilfov, Maramures, Mehedinti, Mures, Neamt, Olt, Prahova, Salaj, Satu Mare, Sibiu, Suceava, Teleorman, Timis, Tulcea, Vaslui, Vilcea, Vrancea

Independence:

9 May 1877 (independence proclaimed from the Ottoman Empire; independence recognized 13 July 1878 by the Treaty of Berlin); 26 March 1881 (kingdom proclaimed); 30 December 1947 (republic proclaimed)

Economy

Currency:

"new" leu (RON) was introduced in 2005; "old" leu (ROL) was phased out in 2006; note - because of currency revaluation, 10,000 ROL = 1 RON

GDP Growth Rate:

6% (2007 est.)

Labour Occupations:

agriculture: 29.7%
industry: 23.2%
services: 47.1% (2006)

Unemployment Rate:

4.1% (2007 est.)

Inflation Rate:

4.8% (2007 est.)

Agriculture Produce:

wheat, corn, barley, sugar beets, sunflower seed, potatoes, grapes; eggs, sheep

Transportation

Railways:

total: 11,385 km
broad gauge: 60 km 1.524-m gauge
standard gauge: 10,898 km 1.435-m gauge (3,888 km electrified)
narrow gauge: 427 km 0.760-m gauge (2006)

Roads:

total: 198,817 km
paved: 60,043 km (includes 228 km of expressways)
unpaved: 138,774 km (2004)

Airports:

total: 25 with paved runways
over 3,047 m: 3
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 12
914 to 1,523 m: 1 (2007)

Ports & Harbours:

Gebig, Itaqui, Rio de Janeiro, Rio Grande, San Sebasttiao, Santos, Sepetiba Terminal, Tubarao, Vitoria

Communications

Mains Telephones:

4.3 million (2007)

Mobile Telephones:

22.875 million (2007)

Television Stations:

623 (plus 200 repeaters) (2006)

Internet Users:

12 million (2007)

Country Internet Code:

.ro